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| Assoc.Prof Trieu Nguyen Trung examining a malaria patient in Nam Tra My (Quang Nam province). |
Malaria situation and the cause of malaria increase in the first 6 months of 2012
2012 is the first year of implementing the National Strategy for Malaria Control and Elimination; therefore, it is very important and practical to deploy and strengthen implementation measures as well as to set up the plan of malaria control and elimination for the following year. Malaria situation in the first 5 months of 2012 Malaria situation of the whole country According to the statistic of the National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology (NIMPE), in the first 5 months of 2012, as compared with the same period of last year, the whole country had 15,975/17,621 malaria cases, decreasing by 9.34%; however, rate of infecting malaria parasites was 6,555/5.717, increasing by 14.65%, severe and complicated malaria cases decreased by 4.84% and one malaria death was recorded, dropping off by 85.71% (1/7), there was no malaria outbreak. The statistical figures showed that malaria parasitic indexes increased mainly in the provinces of West Highlands (+54.32%), Northern Midlands (56,52%), the then-Zone V (+21.47%), the Mekong Delta (+15.92%). The cause of malaria increase is that local health centres have overused rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites, which were supported by the Vietnam Global Fund. Malaria situation of Central and West Highland region of Vietnam Malaria morbidity Malaria morbidity cases of the whole region in first 5 months of 2012, as compared with the same period of 2011, increased by 1.39%, with the Central Coastal area 12.48% lower, the West Highlands 18.97% higher. 7/15 provinces had increased morbidity rates, including Phu Yen (+63.89%), Gia Lai (+35.52%), Binh Dinh (+25.55%), Dak Lak (+17.92%), Thua Thien - Hue (+16.13%), Da Nang (+14.29%), Khanh Hoa (+1.71%). 1/15 provinces had unchangeable rate of malaria morbidity (Dak Nong). 7/15 provinces had decreased morbidity rates, including Quang Nam (-38.24%), Binh Thuan (-35.13%), Quang Tri (-21.76%), Ninh Thuan (-20%), Quang Ngai (-14.75%), Quang Binh (-14.42%), Kon Tum (-1.57%). Malaria parasites The malaria parasite rates in the whole region, as compared with the same period of 2011, increased by 10.39%, with the Central Coastal area 12.05% lower, the West Highlands 42.86% higher. 8/15 provinces with increased rates of malaria parasites included Kon Tum (+92,31%), Phu Yen (+68,97%), Dak Lak (+47,06%), Khanh Hoa (38,83%), Gia Lai (30,92%), Quang Binh (+15,85%), Da Nang city (+15,38), Dak Nong (11,96%). 7/15 provinces with decreased rates of malaria parasites included Binh Thuan (-49,43%), Quang Ngai (-43,33%), Ninh Thuan (-38%), Thua Thien-Hue (-25%), Quang Tri (-20,41%), Binh Dinh (-7,58%), Quang Nam (-1,33%). Severe and complicated malaria and malaria death In first 5 months of 2012, the whole region had 23 severe malaria cases, decreasing by 28.13% (23/32) compared with the same period of 2011. Most of the severe malaria cases occurred in provinces of Khanh Hoa (8 cases), Dak Lak (6 cases). However, there was one malaria death at Khanh Son district, Khanh Hoa province. The patient was a 6-year-old child from Rac Lay ethinic minority, who was diagnosed with cerebral severe malaria and detected positve for malaria parasites in the exammination of his blood smear. The reasons for malaria increase in localities - Thua Thien-Hue province: malaria patients increased (by 16.13%), but the malaria parasite rate decreased (by 25.00%) against the same period of last year; the increase in malaria cases was mainly due to the people's activities such as going into the forests and sleeping in the field-huts and imported exotic infections (from West Highlands, Laos) - Da Nang city: malaria patients raised by 14.29%, malaria parasite rate increased by 15.38%, which were predominantly imported malaria cases . - Binh Dinh province: malaria cases increased (by 25.55%), proportion of malaria parasites reduced (by 7.58%), mainly concentrated in the subjects who work in the West Highland provinces and carry germs of malaria as returning home. - Phu Yen province: there was a simultaneous increase of malaria cases (by 63.89%) and proportion of malaria parasites (by 68.97%) in the districts of Tay Hoa (+57/30), Dong Hoa (+11/7), Tuy An (+19/12), Song Cau (+10/5), Dong Xuan (+32/13), Son Hoa (33/27) and Song Hinh (50/15). These are difficult-to-manage subjects, mostly forest goers and field-hut sleepers (people who seek aloes wood, gather wood, or hydroelectric workers, etc). - Khanh Hoa province: malaria cases raised slightly (by 1.71%); however, the proportion of malaria parasites soared (by 38.83%) in the districts of Khanh Son (+96/81), Khanh Vinh (+236/216), Ninh Hoa (+58/57), Cam Ranh (+23/20), Cam Lam (+44/28), and Van Ninh (+73/24). These are mostly forest goers and field-hut sleepers and the natives who return home after working in the West Highland provinces. - Gia Lai province: malaria cases went up (by 35.52%) together with malaria parasite rates (by 30.92%) in the districts of Ayun Pa (+30/13), Chu Prong (+46/41) Dak Doa (+20/18), Ia Pa (+103/51), Kong Chro (+88/77), Krong Pa (+486/158), Mang Yang (+25/5), and Pleiku (+19/13). However, there was a significant decrease in severe and complicated malaria cases (1/11 cases) and no malaria death recorded. The reasons for malaria increase are the alternation of rainy and sunny weather which creates favourable conditions for the development of malaria vectors and cultivation activities of residents such as growing and taking care coffee trees, going into the forests and sleeping in the field-huts. - Dak Lak province: there was an increase in malaria cases (by 17.92%) and proportion of malaria parasites (47,06%) in the districts of Ea Sup (+85/55), Ea H'Leo (+72/61), Krong Nang (+50/17), Buon Ma Thuot city (+37/25), Lak (+22/18), Krong Buk (+13/6), and Krong Pak (+9/3), mainly concentrated in forest goers and field-hut sleepers.
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