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 Malariology Epidemiology
Climate change contributing to the prevalance of malaria in Malawi

The case study of the Malawi's lower shire district of Nsanje as Malaria prevalence rate is at 134 per 1,000 people such that those affected are children under the age of five and pregnant women. Thus, it's a wakeup call for government, developmental partners to do more in saving lives a head of Conference of Parties (COPs) 21 slated for December 2015 in Paris, France.

 

Malaria is o­ne of the diseases that have robbed human capital worldwide. Yet, unlike HIV and AIDS pandemic, it is curable. Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that in 2013, over 198 million cases of malaria occurred, and 500,000 people died of the disease most of the children in Africa.

 

 According to the lasted report by Centre for Disease Control (CDC)'website shows that Malaria occurs in more than 100 countries and territories with half of the world's population is at risk as Africa, Southern Asia, Central and Southern America, Caribbean, Middle East topping the list. This is the reason Malaria stands critical concern in achieving the much touted Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) whose deadline remains tactical this year, 2015. Global warming which causes climate change is believed to catalyzing the rapid spread of Malaria. This is why the challenge of climate change continues capturing the attention of scientists and politicians around the world following the December 2009 UN Conference in Copenhagen o­n how ordinary people in different countries view the issue.

 "Unchecked Malaria is serious. Nine out of ten of the world's annual statistics show that o­ne million malaria cases cause deaths in Sub Saharan African countries, that it's a pandemic now more deadly, particularly for humans who don't have immunity", says Bjorn Lombard, Director of Copenhagen Consensus Centre (CCC), who is also an author of the book titled, "Cool it: The Skeptical Environmentalist Guide To Global Warming".

 Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes leading into low blood sugar, an enlarged spleen and liver, severe headache, shortage of oxygen to the brain and renal failure whose symptoms including fever, severe joint pains and anemia in extreme cases. But, what is it about climate change which influence the rapid spread of Malaria? According to Eidon. D. Enger in his book titled, "Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationship (2004), states that increases in global temperature due to excessive accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes climate change which leads to disruption of water cycle, changing in forests and natural resources areas, challenges in agriculture and food supply and worsening health issues like Malaria.

 No wonder, Intergovernmental Panel o­n Climate Change (IPCC) identified African as "the continent most vulnerable to the impacts of projected changes because of widespread of poverty and limited adaptation capabilities". The 2004 joint study by State University of New York, Buffalo and the Kenya Medical Research Institute revealed further how climate change contribute contributes to the spread of Malaria.

 "Changes in temperature affect the development and survival of Malaria parasites and the mosquitoes that carry them. Rainfall also influence the availability of the mosquitoes habitats and the size of the mosquitoes population such that global warming will continue putting three percent more of the earth's population at risk of catching malaria by the year 2021", reveals the co-study of State University of New York and Kenya Medical Research Institute.

 Developing nations including Malawi remain generally more vulnerable to the effects of climate change as they depend o­n climate-sensitive sectors such as subsistence agriculture and luck of resources to buffer themselves against the change that global warming brings like Malaria. Malawi government through the World Health Organization (WHO) and USAID's President Malaria Initiative (PMI) is securing approximately US$ 26 million annually to purchase and distribute about 1.6 million long life insecticides- treated mosquito nets to its citizens as o­ne strategy of combating malaria. 

Although, the funding is also used to procure and give out a nation supply of over 6.6 million doses of life-saving Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) drugs, implement an Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) for 28, 000 households and provide preventive treatment for malaria nationwide for pregnant women attending antenatal care, the much needed zeal to eradicate disease's spreading seems a farfetched dream. This is conceded in The Nation Publication Newspaper (NPL), dated August 18, 2015 that the prevalence rate of Malaria for the country?s lower shire district of Nsanje is at 134 per 1,000 people diagnosed with the disease as the most shocking news is that those affected are children under the age of five and pregnant women.

 "Despite, the malaria prevalence rate being o­n the higher side, the district health office has been employing various interventions aimed at reducing the disease", concedes Jackson Chiusiwa, Nsanje District Hospital Official. However, the fight against Malaria in Malawi facing a lot huddles, for instance, mosquito nets are mostly used for fishing while some people believe that sleeping under nets make them infertile.

 "This is a tragedy because it's going to have adverse effect s in the fight against disease as some people tend to abuse the mosquito nets thereby frustrating efforts to reduce malaria infections in the country", o­ne noted about the myth, the Former President Joyce Banda, when she presided over The Malawi Red cross Society (MRS) distribution of mosquito nets in Neno district which she has been vindicated following the high prevalence rate of Malaria in Nsanje.

Thus, continual escalation of malaria spread in Malawi should be an insight for government officials, the civil society and development partners as the country is preparing for the forthcoming Conference of Parties (COPs) 21 slated for December 2015 in Paris, France which is expected convening 750+ cross-sector participants from investors, developed nations where much of the industrial activities are done catalyzing global warming, resulting into climate change whose effects including rapid spread of malaria in developing world countries.

 This year's conference will provide an opportunity to reinforce business innovation in the climate change arena, accelerating international sustainable development and bring scale to low carbon innovation and creating dialogue, enable collaboration and showcase game-changing solutions to climate challenges while featuring 80+ foremost expert speakers, high level plenary sessions, interactive panel debates, workshops, cultural components and enhanced networking opportunities.

 

08/28/2015
(Source: http://www.maravipost.com/)  

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