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Reduction of malaria infections in Central Vietnam in October 2012
In the first three quarters of this year, malaria increased locally in many localities of the Central - Western Highland region, but in October 2012 malaria indexes tended to decrease though the central provinces have been entering the rainy season, which is also the malaria transmission season.
There are also the differences in climate, weather and malaria situation this year in comparison with previous years. In the Central region, the period from September to December every year is in the rainy season which is advantageous to the development of malaria; however, until the end of this year, the rainfall is very low and the weather is hotter than the same period last year.Statistically, the IMPE-Quy Nhon reported that in October 2012 the indexes of malaria patients, severe malaria cases, malaria deaths have tended to reduce, only the malaria parasite index has still risen. In the first month of the fourth quarter of this year, the malaria patients, severe malaria cases and malaria deaths decreased by 10.66% (1894/2120), 42.86% (8/14) and 100% (0/1), respectively; malaria parasite rate grew by 5.43% (1.36/1.29) in Central and Western Highland region. In the Central Coastal area, the malaria patients decreased by 7.84% (894/970), severe malaria cases reduced by 37.50% (5/8), no mortality cases (0/0), malaria parasite rate grew by 14.04% (1.30/1.14); in the Western Highlands the malaria patients reduced by 13.04% (1000/1150), severe malaria cases decreased by 50% (3/6), no mortality cases (0/1), malaria parasite declined by 2.74% (1.42/1.46) in comparison with the same period of 2011. Although malaria shows a downward tendency in the whole region, in some localities it is still unprogressive, specifically, Binh Thuan had an increase in malaria patients by 221. 05% (122/38) and malaria parasites by 225.64% (1.27/0.39); Quang Nam by 106.45% (128/62) in malaria patients and by 122.22% (1.60/0.72) in malaria parasites. In some other regional provinces, the malaria indexes show an increase in rate (including Quang Binh, Quang Ngai, Phu Yen, Ninh Thuan, Gia Lai) but the malaria cases are low in number and can be controlled by the local health services. The evaluation of malaria situation in the Central and Western Highland region in the first 9 months as well as October 2012 showed that the malaria situation was unstable, the achieved results in malaria reduction were unsustainable and affected by the changes of climate and weather. The malaria cases were mostly from uncontrollable mobilised populations (forest goers, field-huts sleepers, free emigrants, border-crossing people). The fatal cases were resulted from late detection and treatment. It is a serious risk when the malaria parasites still increase and transmit. That the malaria parasites (causative agent) and malaria mosquitoes (definitive hosts) exist in most of the region would keep natural malaria transmission and malaria outbreaks may occur at anytime if they are not controlled strictly. From the above judgments, it could be said that the decreased malaria situation in October 2012 hasn't reflected the malaria control quality in the Central and Western Highland region yet. The provinces must enhance the malaria epidemiological supervision in the severely-hit and slightly-hit areas of malaria; strengthen early detection, diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases right from the grassroots level to minimize late complications and mortality. Besides, it is necessary to sum up, analyze the statistical figures pertaining to malaria progression in 2012 as well as several recent years in order to give the accurate forecasts for 2013 and draw up the malaria control plan close to the reality.
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Petechial fever
